Njengenhliziyo "ye-transformer", i-iron core idlala indima ebalulekile ekuguqulweni kwamandla kagesi. Ayithinti nje kuphela ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kwama-transformer, kodwa futhi ihlobene ngqo nomthamo, isisindo, kanye nokuthembeka kokusebenza kwemishini. Ukuvela kwezinto ze-iron core, kusukela ensimbini emsulwa yezimboni kuya kuma-alloy angenasimo namuhla, kuye kwabona intuthuko ekhazimulayo yobuchwepheshe be-transformer.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko kanye nezidingo zokusebenza komgogodla wensimbi
Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-transformer core ukuhlinzeka ngesekethe esebenza kahle yamagnetic, okuvumela amandla kagesi ukuthi adluliselwe phakathi kwezifunda ezahlukene ngesimiso sokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic. Ukusebenza kwe-iron core kuthinta ngqo izinkomba zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho ze-transformer. Izidingo eziyisisekelo zezinto ze-iron core yilezi: ukulahlekelwa okuphansi kwe-iron core ngemvamisa ethile kanye nobuningi be-magnetic flux, kanye nobuningi be-magnetic flux obuphezulu emandleni athile e-magnetic field.
Ukulahleka kwe-core kufaka phakathi izingxenye ezimbili: ukulahleka kwe-hysteresis kanye nokulahleka kwe-eddy current. Ukulahleka kwe-hysteresis kuhlobene nobunzima bokudonswa kwamandla kagesi kwezinto, kuyilapho ukulahleka kwe-eddy current kubangelwa ukujikeleza kwamandla kagesi okubangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwe-magnetic flux e-iron core. Ukuze kuncishiswe lokhu kulahlekelwa, izinto ze-iron core ezifanele kufanele zibe nokumelana okuphezulu kukagesi, ukungena kwamandla kagesi okuphezulu, kanye nokucindezelwa okuphansi.
Inqubo yokuvela kwezinto eziyinhloko zensimbi
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto eziyinhloko ze-transformer kudlule ohambweni olude nolujabulisayo. Ama-core e-transformer okuqala ayesebenzisa ucingo olujwayelekile lwensimbi yekhabhoni noma insimbi yekhabhoni njengezinto eziyinhloko. Ngo-1885, ifektri yaseGunz eHungary yathuthukisa i-transformer yokuqala yesigaba esisodwa enesekethe evaliwe ye-magnetic, futhi i-core yayo yensimbi yayenziwe ngalolu hlobo lwezinto.
Ngo-1900, u-RA Hadfield, iNgisi, nabanye bathola ukuthi ukwengeza i-silicon ensimbini ethambile kungathuthukisa ukumelana, kunciphise ukulahlekelwa yi-eddy current kanye ne-hysteresis, futhi kunciphise isimo "sokuguga okuyinhloko". Ngo-1903, i-United States neJalimane zaqala ukukhiqiza amashidi ensimbi e-silicon ashisiwe, okuphawula ukuqala kwenkathi yamashidi ensimbi e-silicon.
Amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon ashisiwe anezinkinga ezifana nokusebenza okungalingani kanye nokulahlekelwa okuphezulu. Ngawo-1930, kwenziwa intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bamashidi ensimbi ye-silicon ashisiwe. Ngo-1933, uGauss wasebenzisa izindlela ezimbili zokugoqa okubandayo kanye nezindlela zokunamathisela ukukhiqiza insimbi engu-3% Si enezakhiwo eziphezulu zamagnetic eceleni kwendlela yokugoqa. Ngo-1935, i-Armco Steel Company yase-United States yabambisana neWestinghouse Company ukuqala ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi ye-silicon eshisiwe ebandayo.
Ngemva kweminyaka yama-1960, amazwe amakhulu anezimboni ayeka kancane kancane ukukhiqiza amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon ashiswayo futhi aphendukela kumashidi ensimbi ye-silicon ashiswayo asebenza kangcono. Ngo-1964, i-Nippon Steel Corporation yaseJapan yathuthukisa amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon ashiswayo ashiswayo agxile kokusanhlamvu (i-Hi-B steel), okunciphisa kakhulu ukulahlekelwa kwama-transformer angenamthwalo.
Ngawo-1970, izinto ze-alloy ezi-amorphous zaqala ukubonakala esiteji somlando. Ngo-1974, i-United Microelectronics Corporation yathuthukisa ama-alloy a-amorphous asekelwe ensimbini, kwathi ngo-1978, i-United States yathuthukisa ama-transformer e-iron core angu-10KVA amorphous. Lolu hlobo olusha lwezinto lunesici sokulahlekelwa yinsimbi okuphansi kakhulu, kuphela amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon yendabuko angu-1/3-1/5, okuvula inkathi entsha yokonga amandla kwama-transformer.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko kanye nezici zezinto eziyinhloko zensimbi
ishidi lensimbi ye-silicon
Ishidi lensimbi ye-silicon liyingxube ethambile ye-magnetic yensimbi ye-silicon enokuqukethwe okuphansi kakhulu kwekhabhoni, ngokuvamile enokuqukethwe kwe-silicon okungu-0.5-4.5%. Ukwengeza i-silicon kungandisa ukumelana kukagesi kanye nokuvuleka okuphezulu kwensimbi, kunciphise ukuphoqelelwa, ukulahlekelwa yi-core, kanye nokuguga kwe-magnetic. Amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: okugoqwayo okushisayo nokugoqwayo okubandayo, kanti okugoqwayo okubandayo kuhlukaniswa kabanzi ngezinhlobo eziqondiswe kanye nezingezona eziqondiswe.
Ishidi lensimbi ye-silicon eligoqekile elingagxilile libhekisela ku-alloy engu-0.5% ~ 4.0% (Si + Al), egoqekile ebandayo ibe ngu-0.65mm, 0.5mm, kanye no-0.35mm bese ifakwa futhi imbozwe ukuze yenziwe. Uhlobo lwayo lokuthungwa kokusanhlamvu luhlakazekile, futhi lunezakhiwo ezifanayo zamagnetic kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.
Insimbi ye-silicon eqondiswe kahle ine-magnetic permeability ephezulu kanye nezici zokulahlekelwa okuphansi endleleni elula yokukwazi ukudonsa amandla, ehlangabezana nezidingo zokuqhuba amandla kagesi wemishini yamandla aqinile njenge-transformers. I-angle ejwayelekile yokuphambuka kokuma kwezinhlamvu yensimbi ye-silicon eqondiswe kahle (i-CGO) icishe ibe ngu-7 °, kanti inani lokusabalala kokuthamba kwamandla kagesi i-B8 lingaphezu kuka-1.82 Tesla; I-angle evamile yokuphambuka kokuma kwezinhlamvu yensimbi ye-silicon eqondiswe ekuma kwezinkanyezi ephezulu (i-Hi-B) icishe ibe ngu-3 °, kanti inani le-B8 lingaphezu kuka-1.90 Tesla.
ingxubevange engenasimo
I-Amorphous alloy iyinto esebenzayo yensimbi enama-athomu asatshalaliswa ngokungahleliwe ku-matrix yezinto ezibonakalayo, enokwakheka "okufana nengilazi". I-amorphous alloy evamile iqukethe i-80% yensimbi, kanti ezinye izingxenye ziyi-boron ne-silicon. Le nto inezici zamandla aphezulu okufakwa kwe-magnetic saturation (1.54T), ukuvuleka okuphezulu kwe-magnetic, ugesi ophansi wokuvuselela, kanye nokulahleka kwensimbi okuphansi kakhulu.
Ukulahlekelwa yinsimbi kwama-alloy angenawo u-iron kuyingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuya kwengxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu kuphela kwamashidi ensimbi e-silicon aqondiswe, okunciphisa ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo kwama-transformer e-alloy angenawo u-iron ngo-70% kuya ku-80% uma kuqhathaniswa nama-transformer ensimbi ye-silicon yendabuko. Ubuningi be-magnetic flux ye-alloy angenawo u-iron buphansi kakhulu (cishe u-1.5T), ngakho-ke ubukhulu be-magnetic flux obulinganiselwe ngokuvamile bukhethwa njengo-1.3-1.4T.
Ubukhulu bomugqa we-alloy ongenayo i-amorphous buncane kakhulu, buyi-0.03mm kuphela, okuholela ku-coefficient ye-lamination engaba ngu-80% kuphela kumgogodla wensimbi ongenayo i-amorphous. Nakuba i-alloys engenayo i-amorphous inomzwelo ophansi kunamashidi ensimbi e-silicon, isisindo somgogodla wensimbi sisasinda kakhulu.
Umklamo wesakhiwo esiyinhloko
Ukwakheka kwesakhiwo se-transformer core nakho kuye kwashintsha kakhulu. Kusukela enkabeni yensimbi yokuqala ene-laminated, kuya enkabeni yensimbi enobunjwa obungu-C, bese kuba senkabeni yensimbi enobunjwa obuyindilinga (i-coiled iron core), isakhiwo ngasinye sinezici nezinzuzo zaso.
Ingaphakathi lensimbi eliyindilinga lenziwe ngemicu yensimbi ye-silicon egoqekayo, njengesipilingi sewashi esiqinile. Lolu hlobo lwengaphakathi lensimbi lunesekethe eqhubekayo yamagnetic engenazo izikhala zomoya, okuholela ekumelaneni okuphansi kwamagnetic kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-transformer alaminated anomthamo ofanayo, ama-transformer e-toroidal anezinzuzo zobukhulu obuncane, isisindo esilula, kanye nokuvuza okuphansi kwamagnetic.
Kuma-transformer e-alloy angenawo ukwakheka, ngenxa yobunzima bokusika izinto zawo, avame ukwakheka njengezakhiwo zensimbi ezihlanganisiwe. Isakhiwo esiyinhloko se-transformer yesigaba esisodwa siyifreyimu, kuyilapho isakhiwo esiyinhloko se-transformer yesigaba ezintathu sakhiwa ngokuhlanganisa ozimele abane esakhiweni esifana nesakhiwo sekholomu ezinhlanu sesigaba sesithathu. Lesi sakhiwo senza ukugoqa kwesigaba ngasinye kubekwe ozimele ababili abazimele besekethe yamagnetic, okuqeda ngempumelelo ithonya le-three harmonic magnetic flux.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza izinto eziyinhloko zensimbi
Inqubo yokukhiqiza amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon iyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon aqondiswe ngqo. Inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza iyinkimbinkimbi, ifasitela lenqubo lincane, futhi ubunzima bokukhiqiza bukhulu. Yaziwa ngokuthi "ubuciko bemikhiqizo yensimbi".
Inqubo yokukhiqiza amashidi ensimbi e-silicon angagoqeki abandayo ngokuvamile ihlanganisa: ama-billet ensimbi ashisayo noma ama-billet aqhubeka nokujikijela kuma-coil anobukhulu obungaba ngu-2.3mm, kulandelwe ukugezwa nge-asidi, ukugoqwa ngokubandayo, ukunamathisela, kanye nezinqubo zokumboza ifilimu yokushisa. Ngemikhiqizo ephezulu ye-silicon, kubalulekile ukuthi uqale uyijwayele ku-800-850 ℃ ngemva kokugoqwa okushisayo, kulandelwe ukugezwa nge-asidi, ukugoqwa ngokubandayo kube ubukhulu obuthile, ukunamathisela, bese kuba ukugoqwa ngokubandayo ngesilinganiso sokunciphisa esiphansi, bese ekugcineni kunamathiselwa ngokuqedwa.
Indlela evame kakhulu yokukhiqiza ama-alloy angenawo ukwakheka iwukufafaza umusi wensimbi oncibilikisiwe ohlakeni olujikelezayo lwethusi olujikelezayo ngesivinini esikhulu, bese insimbi encibilikisiwe ipholiswa bese iqina ibe yizimbambo ezincane ngesivinini esingu-106 ℃/s. Ukucindezeleka okuphezulu kwangaphakathi okwakhiwa ngokucisha kumele kuncishiswe ngokufaka phakathi kuka-200 ℃ no-280 ℃ ukuze kutholakale izakhiwo ezinhle zamagnetic.
Izinzuzo zokonga amandla zezinto eziyinhloko zensimbi
Ama-transformer maningi futhi anamandla amakhulu ohlelweni lwamandla, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu okuphelele. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kwama-transformer eShayina kubalelwa cishe ku-10% wokukhiqizwa kwamandla kwesistimu. Ukuncipha ngakunye kokulahlekelwa okungu-1% kungonga izigidigidi zama-kilowatt amahora kagesi minyaka yonke.
Ama-transformer ensimbi angenawo umklamo anemiphumela ebalulekile yokonga amandla. Ukulahlekelwa okungenamthwalo kwama-transformer ensimbi angenawo umklamo we-SH12 series ancishisiwe cishe ngo-75% uma kuqhathaniswa nama-transformer ensimbi ye-silicon series S9. Nakuba ama-transformer ensimbi angenawo umklamo ebiza kakhulu kune-transformers yendabuko, izindleko zawo zokusebenza ziphansi kakhulu, futhi isikhathi sokukhokha utshalomali ngokuvamile siphakathi kweminyaka engu-2-5.
Izifunda ezithuthukile kwezomnotho ezimelelwe yizifundazwe zaseShanghai, eJiangsu, naseZhejiang zamukele ama-transformer e-alloy angenasimo ngezinga elikhulu. I-Jiangsu Electric Power Company ihlela ngisho nokufaka imigqa emisha nevuselelwe esikhathini esizayo, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwama-transformer e-alloy angenasimo akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-30%.
Umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwezinto eziyinhloko zensimbi
Izinto eziyinhloko zensimbi ziyathuthuka zibe yilahleko eliphansi lensimbi kanye nokufakwa okuphezulu kwemagnethi. Kwamashidi ensimbi ye-silicon, kufaka phakathi insimbi ye-silicon engaqondiswanga yokulahlekelwa okuphansi kwensimbi, ama-motor asebenza kahle kakhulu, imininingwane emincane, ukulahleka okuphansi kwensimbi, insimbi ye-silicon eqondiswa yimagnethi ephezulu, kanye nensimbi ye-silicon ephezulu yemishini kagesi esonga amandla ephakathi nendawo kanye nephezulu.
Insimbi ye-silicon ephezulu (i-Si Fe alloy ene-4.5% ~ 6.7% Si) inezici zokulahlekelwa yinsimbi okuncishisiwe kakhulu kumaza aphezulu, ukuvuleka okuphezulu kwamandla kazibuthe, kanye nokuphoqelelwa okuphansi. Kodwa okuqukethwe kwayo yi-Si kuphakeme kakhulu, futhi i-plasticity yayo ayinhle kakhulu ekushiseni kwegumbi, okwenza kube nzima ukuyigoqa nokuyibumba. Njengamanje, izinto ze-Si Fe alloy ezingaqondisiwe ezingama-6.5% zilungiswa kakhulu ngenqubo yokungena kwe-silicon.
Izinto eziguquliwe nge-nano kanye nezinto ezisekelwe ku-bio nazo zingenye yezindlela zokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo. Njengoba isidingo sokuvikelwa kwemvelo sikhula, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto eziyinhloko zensimbi ezingenabuthi, ezibolayo, noma ezingaphinde zisetshenziswe kuzoba yisiqondiso esibalulekile socwaningo.
Isiphetho
Ukuvela kwezinto eziyinhloko ze-transformer kuye kwabona inhlanganisela ephelele yesayensi yezinto zokwakha kanye nobunjiniyela kagesi. Kusukela ensimbini yekhabhoni evamile kuya kumashidi ensimbi ye-silicon, bese kuba yi-alloys e-amorphous, yonke impumelelo yezinto zokwakha ithuthukise kakhulu izinga lokusebenza kahle kwamandla kwama-transformer.
Ezweni lanamuhla lapho ukulondolozwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi kuye kwaba yinto evunyelwene ngayo emhlabeni wonke, ukukhethwa kwezinto ezisebenza kahle zensimbi akuhlobene nje kuphela nezinzuzo zomnotho, kodwa futhi kungumthwalo wemfanelo wezemvelo. Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuvela okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezintsha nezinqubo, ama-transformer cores azoqhubeka nokuthuthuka ekulahlekelweni okuphansi kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, okufaka isandla ekwakhiweni kohlelo lwamandla aluhlaza kanye naphansi kwekhabhoni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-29-2025
