Ulwazi lwe-Transformer

I-Transformer iyithuluzi elisebenzisa isimiso sokungenisa i-electromagnetic ukuguqula i-AC voltage. Izingxenye zalo eziyinhloko zifaka phakathi i-primary coil, i-secondary coil kanye ne-iron core.

Emsebenzini we-elekthronikhi, ungabona isithunzi se-transformer, esivame kakhulu sisetshenziswa ekuhlinzekweni kwamandla njenge-voltage yokuguqula, ukuhlukaniswa.

Ngamafuphi, isilinganiso samandla kagesi samakhoyili ayinhloko nawesibili silingana nesilinganiso sokujika kwamakhoyili ayinhloko nawesibili. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukukhipha ama-voltage ahlukene, ungashintsha isilinganiso sokujika kwamakhoyili.

Ngokwezindlela ezahlukene zokusebenza zama-transformer, ngokuvamile angahlukaniswa ngama-transformer anemvamisa ephansi kanye nama-transformer anemvamisa ephezulu. Isibonelo, empilweni yansuku zonke, imvamisa yamandla ashintshanayo yamanje ingu-50Hz. Sibiza ama-transformer asebenza kule ndlela yokushintshashintsha yama-frequency aphansi; Imvamisa yokusebenza ye-transformer enemvamisa ephezulu ingafinyelela amashumi e-kHz kuya kumakhulu e-kHz.

Umthamo we-transformer enemvamisa ephezulu uncane kakhulu kunowe-transformer enemvamisa ephansi enamandla afanayo okukhipha.

I-transformer iyisakhi esikhulu kakhulu kusekethe yamandla. Uma ufuna ukwenza ivolumu ibe ncane ngenkathi uqinisekisa amandla okukhipha, udinga ukusebenzisa i-transformer enemvamisa ephezulu. Ngakho-ke, ama-transformer anemvamisa ephezulu asetshenziswa ekushintsheni amandla kagesi.

Isimiso sokusebenza se-transformer evamise ukuba phezulu kanye ne-transformer evamise ukuba phansi iyafana, zombili ezisekelwe esimisweni sokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic. Kodwa-ke, maqondana nezinto zokwakha, “ama-core” azo asebenzisa izinto zokwakha ezahlukene.

Ingaphakathi lensimbi le-transformer enemvamisa ephansi ngokuvamile lihlanganiswe namashidi amaningi ensimbi e-silicon, kuyilapho ingaphakathi lensimbi le-transformer enemvamisa ephezulu lakhiwe ngezinto ezisebenza ngamandla kagesi aphezulu (njenge-ferrite). (Ngakho-ke, ingaphakathi lensimbi le-transformer enemvamisa ephezulu ngokuvamile libizwa ngokuthi ingaphakathi le-magnetic)

Ku-DC stabilized voltage power supply circuit, i-transformer yemvamisa ephansi idlulisela isignali ye-sine wave.

Ekushintsheni kwesekethe yokunikezwa kwamandla, i-transformer enemvamisa ephezulu idlulisela isignali yegagasi lesikwele le-pulse enemvamisa ephezulu.

Ngamandla alinganisiwe, isilinganiso phakathi kwamandla okukhipha kanye namandla okufaka e-transformer sibizwa ngokuthi ukusebenza kahle kwe-transformer. Uma amandla okukhipha e-transformer elingana namandla okufaka, ukusebenza kahle kungu-100%. Eqinisweni, i-transformer enjalo ayikho, ngoba ukulahlekelwa kwethusi kanye nokulahlekelwa yinsimbi kukhona, i-transformer izoba nokulahlekelwa okuthile.

Kuyini ukulahlekelwa yithusi?

Ngenxa yokuthi ikhoyili ye-transformer inokumelana okuthile, lapho ugesi udlula kukhoyili, ingxenye yamandla izoba ukushisa. Ngenxa yokuthi ikhoyili ye-transformer iboshwe ngocingo lwethusi, lokhu kulahlekelwa kubizwa nangokuthi ukulahlekelwa kwethusi.

Kuyini ukulahlekelwa yinsimbi?

Ukulahleka kwensimbi kwe-transformer kuhlanganisa kakhulu izici ezimbili: ukulahleka kwe-hysteresis kanye nokulahleka kwamanje we-eddy; ukulahleka kwe-hysteresis kubhekisela ekutheni lapho ugesi oshintshashintshayo udlula kukhoyili, kuzokhiqizwa imigqa yamandla kazibuthe ukuze idlule enkabeni yensimbi, futhi ama-molecule angaphakathi kwenkabeni yensimbi azogudlana ukuze akhiqize ukushisa, ngaleyo ndlela adle ingxenye yamandla kagesi; Ngenxa yokuthi ugesi kazibuthe udlula enkabeni yensimbi, ugesi wensimbi uzokhiqiza futhi ugesi obangelwayo. Ngenxa yokuthi ugesi uyajikeleza, ubizwa nangokuthi ugesi we-eddy, kanti ukulahleka kwamanje we-eddy kuzodla namandla kagesi athile.