Kunezidingo ezihambisanayo zobuchwepheshe zezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-transformer, ezingavezwa ngamapharamitha wezobuchwepheshe ahambisanayo.Isibonelo, imingcele eyinhloko yezobuchwepheshe ye-transformer yamandla ihlanganisa: amandla alinganisiwe, isilinganiso se-voltage elinganiselwe kanye nesilinganiso se-voltage, imvamisa elinganiselwe, izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, izinga lokulawulwa kwamandla kagesi, ukusebenza kokushisa nokumelana nomswakama.Kuma-transformer ajwayelekile aphansi, amapharamitha obuchwepheshe asemqoka yilena: isilinganiso soguquko, izici zemvamisa, ukuhlanekezela okungaqondile, ukuvikela kazibuthe kanye nokuvikela i-electrostatic, ukusebenza kahle, njll.
Imingcele eyinhloko ye-transformer ihlanganisa isilinganiso se-voltage, izici zemvamisa, amandla alinganiselwe nokusebenza kahle.
(1）Isilinganiso samandla kagesi
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwesilinganiso se-voltage n ye-transformer kanye namajika kanye ne-voltage yama-winding ayisisekelo nesesibili bumi kanje: n=V1/V2=N1/N2 lapho i-N1 iyindlela eyinhloko (eyinhloko) yokujika ye-transformer, i-N2 ukujikajika kwesibili (kwesibili), i-V1 iyi-voltage emikhawulweni yomibili yokusongelwa okuyinhloko, futhi i-V2 iyi-voltage emikhawulweni yomibili yokuphenduka kwesibili.I-voltage ratio n ye-step-up transformer ingaphansi kwe-1, isilinganiso se-voltage n se-transformer yesinyathelo esisuka phansi sikhulu kuno-1, futhi isilinganiso se-voltage ye-transformer yokuhlukanisa silingana no-1.
(2）Amandla alinganiselwe P Le pharamitha ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa iziguquli zamandla.Ibhekisela emandleni okukhipha lapho i-transformer yamandla ingasebenza isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokudlula izinga lokushisa elishiwo ngaphansi kwe-frequency yokusebenza ecacisiwe kanye ne-voltage.Amandla alinganiselwe e-transformer ahlobene nendawo eyingxenye yomgogodla wensimbi, ububanzi bocingo olunwetshiwe, njll. I-transformer inendawo enkulu yengxenye yensimbi, ububanzi bezintambo ezinoqweqwe oluqinile namandla amakhulu okukhiphayo.
(3）Isici sefrikhwensi I-frequency character isho ukuthi i-transformer inebanga elithile lefrikhwensi yokusebenza, futhi ama-transformer anezigaba ezihlukene zokusebenza azikwazi ukushintshaniswa.Uma i-transformer isebenza ngaphezu kwebanga lemvamisa yayo, izinga lokushisa lizokhuphuka noma i-transformer ngeke isebenze ngokujwayelekile.
(4）Ukusebenza kahle kubhekisela esilinganisweni samandla okukhiphayo namandla okufaka we-transformer ngomthwalo olinganiselwe.Leli nani lilingana namandla okukhipha we-transformer, okungukuthi, amandla amakhulu okukhipha i-transformer, aphezulu ukusebenza kahle;Amancane amandla okukhipha we-transformer, aphansi ukusebenza kahle.Inani elisebenza kahle le-transformer ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-60% no-100%.
Ngamandla alinganiselwe, isilinganiso samandla okukhipha kanye namandla okufaka we-transformer kubizwa ngokuthi ukusebenza kahle kwe-transformer, okungukuthi
η= x100%
Kuphiη Ingabe ukusebenza kahle kwe-transformer;I-P1 ingamandla okufaka futhi i-P2 ingamandla okukhiphayo.
Lapho amandla okukhipha i-P2 we-transformer elingana namandla okufaka i-P1, ukusebenza kahleη Ngokulingana no-100%, i-transformer ngeke ikhiqize ukulahlekelwa.Kodwa empeleni, ayikho i-transformer enjalo.Lapho i-transformer idlulisela amandla kagesi, ihlale ikhiqiza ukulahlekelwa, okubandakanya ukulahlekelwa kwethusi nokulahlekelwa kwensimbi.
Ukulahlekelwa kwethusi kubhekisela ekulahlekelweni okubangelwa ukumelana nekhoyili ye-transformer.Uma i-curse ishisiswa ngenxa yokumelana nekhoyili, ingxenye yamandla kagesi izoguqulwa ibe amandla okushisa futhi ilahleke.Njengoba ikhoyili ngokuvamile ilinyazwa ngocingo lwethusi oluvalekile, ibizwa ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa kwethusi.
Ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi ye-transformer kuhlanganisa izici ezimbili.Omunye ukulahlekelwa kwe-hysteresis.Lapho i-AC yamanje idlula ku-transformer, isiqondiso nosayizi wolayini kazibuthe wamandla odlula eshidini lensimbi ye-silicon ye-transformer kuzoshintsha ngokufanele, okubangele ama-molecule angaphakathi kweshidi lensimbi ye-silicon ukuthi agudlane futhi akhulule amandla okushisa, ngaleyo ndlela ukulahlekelwa ingxenye yamandla kagesi, okubizwa ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa kwe-hysteresis.Okunye ukulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy, lapho i-transformer isebenza.Kunomugqa wamandla kazibuthe odlula kumongo wensimbi, futhi amandla akhona azokhiqizwa endizeni eqonde kumugqa wamandla kazibuthe.Njengoba le yamanje yakha iluphu evaliwe futhi izungeza ngesimo se-whirlpool, ibizwa ngokuthi i-eddy current.Ukuba khona kwe-eddy current kwenza i-iron core ishise futhi idle amandla, okubizwa ngokuthi i-eddy current loss.
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-transformer kuhlobene eduze nezinga lamandla we-transformer.Ngokuvamile, amandla amakhulu, amandla okulahlekelwa namandla okukhipha aba mancane, futhi amandla aphezulu aphezulu.Ngokuphambene nalokho, amandla amancane, aphansi ukusebenza kahle.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-07-2022
