Kunezidingo zobuchwepheshe ezihambisanayo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-transformer, ezingavezwa ngamapharamitha obuchwepheshe ahambisanayo. Isibonelo, amapharamitha obuchwepheshe ayinhloko e-transformer yamandla afaka: amandla alinganisiwe, isilinganiso se-voltage ne-voltage esilinganisiwe, imvamisa elinganisiwe, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa, izinga lokulawula i-voltage, ukusebenza kokushisa kanye nokumelana nomswakama. Kwabaguquli bemvamisa ephansi, amapharamitha obuchwepheshe ayinhloko yile: isilinganiso sokuguqulwa, izici zemvamisa, ukuphambuka okungeyona i-linear, ukuvikela kumagnetic kanye nokuvikela nge-electrostatic, ukusebenza kahle, njll.
Amapharamitha ayinhloko e-transformer afaka isilinganiso se-voltage, izici zemvamisa, amandla alinganisiwe kanye nokusebenza kahle.
(I-1965)1）Isilinganiso se-voltage
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwesilinganiso sikagesi u-n we-transformer kanye nokujika kanye ne-voltage yama-windings ayinhloko nawesibili bunjengoba bulandelayo: n=V1/V2=N1/N2 lapho i-N1 iwukugoba okuyinhloko (okuyinhloko) kwe-transformer, i-N2 iyi-winding yesibili (yesibili), i-V1 iyi-voltage kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zokugoba okuyinhloko, kanti i-V2 iyi-voltage kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zokugoba kwesibili. Isilinganiso sikagesi u-n we-transformer yesinyathelo-phezulu singaphansi kuka-1, isilinganiso sikagesi u-n we-transformer yesinyathelo-phansi sikhulu kuno-1, kanti isilinganiso sikagesi se-transformer ye-isolation silingana no-1.
(I-1965)2）Amandla alinganisiwe P Le pharamitha ivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-transformer kagesi. Ibhekisela emandleni okukhipha lapho i-transformer yamandla ingasebenza isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokudlula izinga lokushisa elicacisiwe ngaphansi kwemvamisa yokusebenza ecacisiwe kanye ne-voltage. Amandla alinganisiwe e-transformer ahlobene nendawo yengxenye ye-iron core, ububanzi be-enamel wire, njll. I-transformer inendawo enkulu ye-iron core, ububanzi be-iron wire enamel obukhulu kanye namandla amakhulu okukhipha.
(I-1965)3）Isici sokuvama Isici sokuvama sibhekisela ekutheni i-transformer inobubanzi obuthile bokusebenza kwemvamisa, futhi ama-transformer anebanga elihlukile lemvamisa yokusebenza awakwazi ukushintshaniswa. Uma i-transformer isebenza ngale kwebanga layo lemvamisa, izinga lokushisa lizokhuphuka noma i-transformer ngeke isebenze ngokujwayelekile.
(I-1965)4）Ukusebenza kahle kubhekisela esilinganisweni samandla okukhipha kanye namandla okufaka e-transformer kumthwalo olinganiselwe. Leli nani lilingana namandla okukhipha e-transformer, okungukuthi, lapho amandla okukhipha e-transformer emakhulu, kulapho ukusebenza kahle kukhuphuka khona; Uma amandla okukhipha e-transformer emancane, ukusebenza kahle kuyancipha. Inani lokusebenza kahle le-transformer ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-60% no-100%.
Ngamandla alinganisiwe, isilinganiso samandla okukhipha kanye namandla okufaka e-transformer sibizwa ngokuthi ukusebenza kahle kwe-transformer, okungukuthi
η= x100%
Kuphiη Ingabe ukusebenza kahle kwe-transformer; i-P1 ingamandla okufaka kanye ne-P2 ingamandla okukhipha.
Uma amandla okukhipha i-P2 ye-transformer elingana namandla okufaka i-P1, ukusebenza kahleη Okulingana no-100%, i-transformer ngeke idale ukulahlekelwa. Kodwa empeleni, ayikho i-transformer enjalo. Lapho i-transformer idlulisela amandla kagesi, ihlala ikhiqiza ukulahlekelwa, okuhlanganisa kakhulu ukulahlekelwa yithusi kanye nokulahlekelwa yinsimbi.
Ukulahleka kwethusi kubhekisela ekulahlekelweni okubangelwa ukumelana kwekhoyili kwe-transformer. Lapho ugesi ushiswa ngokumelana kwekhoyili, ingxenye yamandla kagesi izoguqulwa ibe amandla okushisa bese ilahleka. Njengoba ikhoyili ngokuvamile ivinjelwa ucingo lwethusi oluvikelwe, ibizwa ngokuthi ukulahlekelwa kwethusi.
Ukulahleka kwensimbi kwe-transformer kuhlanganisa izici ezimbili. Esinye ukulahlekelwa yi-hysteresis. Lapho ugesi we-AC udlula ku-transformer, indlela kanye nosayizi womugqa wamandla kazibuthe odlula eshidini lensimbi ye-silicon ye-transformer kuzoshintsha ngokufanele, okubangela ukuthi ama-molecule angaphakathi kweshidi lensimbi ye-silicon agudlane futhi akhulule amandla okushisa, ngaleyo ndlela alahlekelwe yingxenye yamandla kagesi, okubizwa ngokuthi ukulahleka kwe-hysteresis. Esinye ukulahleka kwamanje we-eddy, lapho i-transformer isebenza. Kukhona umugqa wamandla kazibuthe odlula enkabeni yensimbi, futhi ugesi obangelwayo uzokhiqizwa endizeni eqondile kumugqa wamandla kazibuthe. Njengoba lo mshini wakha iluphu evaliwe futhi ujikeleza ngesimo se-whirlpool, ubizwa ngokuthi ugesi we-eddy. Ukuba khona kogesi we-eddy kwenza ugesi wensimbi ushise futhi udle amandla, okubizwa ngokuthi ukulahleka kwamanje we-eddy.
Ukusebenza kahle kwe-transformer kuhlobene eduze nezinga lamandla le-transformer. Ngokuvamile, lapho amandla emakhulu, amandla okulahlekelwa kanye nokukhipha aba mancane, futhi ukusebenza kahle kuba phezulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho amandla emancane, ukusebenza kahle kuba phansi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-07-2022
