Kuyini i-inductor?

Ukulawulwa Kwezimboni Kwangempela kweBingsen

I-inductance iyisici esibonakalayo kusekethe esichaza indlela izingxenye zesekethe ezimelana ngayo nezinguquko kumandla kagesi futhi zikhiqize i-voltage. Ukuze sichaze lo mqondo ngokuningiliziwe nangokwemigomo yabantu abavamile, ake siwuhlole ngezingxenye eziningana:

1. Insimu yamanje kanye neyamagnetic
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi uma ugesi udlula entanjeni, ukhiqiza insimu yamagnetic. Lesi yisimiso esiyisisekelo se-electromagnetism. Amandla ensimu yamagnetic ancike ngobukhulu bogesi: uma ugesi umkhulu, kulapho insimu yamagnetic ekhiqizwa khona iqina khona.

2. Ukungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic
Okulandelayo, sizokwethula ukungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic. Umthetho kaFaraday wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic usitshela ukuthi insimu yamagnetic eshintshayo ingakhiqiza i-voltage kuma-conductor azungezile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma unensimu yamagnetic futhi ukuqina kwayo kushintsha, "ingavusa" noma "ibangele" i-voltage ezintanjeni eziseduze.

3. Umsebenzi we-inductance
Ngakho-ke, i-inductance isebenza kanjani? Uma unentambo (njengekhoyili) bese ufaka ugesi ngaphakathi, kuzokhiqizwa insimu yamagnetic. Uma ugesi uqala ukushintsha (ukwanda noma ukwehla), insimu yamagnetic ewuzungezile nayo izoshintsha. Ngokomthetho kaFaraday, le nsimu yamagnetic eshintshayo izokhiqiza i-voltage ebangelwayo entanjeni, ezama ukugcina ukugeleza kogesi kwasekuqaleni kungashintshi. Lesi simo siwukubonakaliswa kwe-inductance.

Uma ugesi ukhuphuka, i-inductor izokhiqiza i-voltage ebuyela emuva, izama ukunciphisa ugesi. Uma ugesi uncipha, i-inductor izokhiqiza i-voltage ebheke phambili, izama ukwandisa ugesi. Yingakho ama-inductor ngezinye izikhathi echazwa ngokuthi “i-inertia” yamandla kagesi, ephikisana nezinguquko zamandla kagesi.

4. Ikhoyili kanye ne-Inductance
Ezisetshenzisweni ezisebenzayo, ukuze kwandiswe umphumela wokungenisa umoya, izintambo zivame ukugoqwa zibe yisimo samakhoyili. Intambo ngayinye engaphakathi kwekhoyili izothintana ngenxa yensimu yamagnetic ekhiqizwa amakhoyili aseduze, okuzokwenza ukungenisa umoya kwekhoyili yonke kube kukhulu kakhulu kunokomqhubi oqondile.

5. Isicelo
Ama-inductor anezinhlelo eziningi ezisebenzayo. Isibonelo, emishinini yamandla, ama-inductor angasetshenziswa ukushelela ukuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi; Emishinini yokuxhumana engenantambo, isetshenziswa kanye nama-capacitor ukudala amasekethe okunyakaza angahlunga amasignali amaza athile.

(1) Isihlungi samandla
Ama-inductor asetshenziswa kumasekethe kagesi, ikakhulukazi ekushintsheni izinsiza zikagesi, ukuze kube lula ugesi kanye ne-voltage, kuncishiswe umsindo kanye nama-spikes. Asetshenziselwa ukucindezela umsindo wemvamisa ephezulu futhi anikeze amandla e-DC azinzile kumasekethe.
(2) Ukukhethwa Kwesekethe Ene-Resonant kanye Nemvamisa
Ama-inductor nama-capacitor asetshenziswa ndawonye ukusungula amasekethe aphendulayo angakhetha noma akhulise amasignali kumafrikhwensi athile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumadivayisi okuxhumana angenantambo njengemisakazo kanye namafoni eselula, njengoba kungasetshenziswa ekuhlungeni nasekulungiseni amafrikhwensi.

(3) Ukugcinwa kwamandla kanye nokudluliselwa kwawo
Ama-inductor asebenza njengezingxenye zokugcina amandla kumasekethe, ikakhulukazi ezimpahleni zamandla ze-pulse kanye nezicelo zokugcina amandla zesikhashana. Kuma-transformer, ama-inductor asetshenziselwa ukudlulisa amandla phakathi kwamasekethe ahlukene ngokusebenzisa i-magnetic coupling futhi avumela izinguquko ku-voltage kanye namazinga wamanje.
(4) Ukunciphisa ukuvikelwa kwamanje kanye nokweqile komoya
Ezisekelweni zokuqala nezokuphakelwa kwamandla zama-motor kagesi, ama-inductor anganciphisa izinga lokwenyuka kwamanje kanye nokuphakama kwamanje, ngaleyo ndlela ahlinzeke ngokuvikelwa kokudlula kwamandla kagesi futhi avimbele ukulimala kwesekethe.

(5) Ukucutshungulwa kwesignali
Ekucubungulweni kwesignali ye-analog, ama-inductor asetshenziswa ukuhlunga amasignali anemvamisa ephezulu, ukuvinjelwa kokulinganisa, kanye namasignali okulibazisa. Avamile emiklamo ehlukahlukene yokuhlunga.
(6) Ukucindezela kokuphazamiseka kwe-Electromagnetic (EMI)
I-inductance isetshenziselwa ukucindezela nokuhlunga ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic (EMI), okungavimbela umsindo ukuthi ungangeni esiketheni futhi kuvimbele nomsindo ukuthi ukhishwe esiketheni, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe ukuphazamiseka kwamanye amadivayisi.

(7) Izinzwa
Kweminye imikhakha yezinzwa, ama-inductor asetshenziswa ukuthola izinguquko emasimini kazibuthe, okungase kuhlotshaniswe nendawo, ijubane, noma ezinye izinto ezibonakalayo.
(8) Ukulungiswa kwe-Power factor
Ezinhlelweni zamandla e-AC, ama-inductor nama-capacitor asetshenziswa ndawonye ukuthuthukisa amandla, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusabela, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi.

6. Iyunithi yokulinganisa
Iyunithi ye-inductance nguHenry (H), eqanjwe ngososayensi waseMelika uJoseph Henry. Uma i-inductance yekhoyili ingu-1 Henry, khona-ke njalo lapho ugesi ushintsha ngesivinini esingu-1 ampere ngomzuzwana, uzokhiqiza i-voltage ebangelwa yi-1 volt kukhoyili.

isifinyezo
Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile, i-inductance iyisici sengxenye ephikisana nezinguquko zamandla kagesi ngokukhiqiza i-voltage ebuyela emuva ngaphakathi kwengxenye ukuze ilwisane nezinguquko ezisheshayo zamandla kagesi. Lesi simiso esilula sinezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi kubuchwepheshe be-elekthronikhi kanye nobunjiniyela kagesi, kusukela ekuhlungeni amandla okulula kakhulu kuya ekuhleleni imvamisa yomsakazo okuyinkimbinkimbi.